電纜橋架的耐火性能直接關(guān)系到火災(zāi)時電力系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行，濟(jì)南作為建筑密集城市，對其測試有嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，需模擬真實(shí)火災(zāi)場景，評估高溫下的結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性與隔熱能力，確保在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)保護(hù)電纜。

　　The fire resistance performance of cable trays is directly related to the safe operation of the power system during a fire. As a densely populated city, Jinan has strict standards for its testing, which requires simulating real fire scenarios, evaluating the structural stability and insulation capacity under high temperatures, and ensuring the protection of cables within the specified time.

　　測試前的樣品準(zhǔn)備需貼合實(shí)際場景。選取濟(jì)南常用的槽式、托盤式、梯式等類型，材質(zhì)涵蓋鋼、鋁合金及玻璃鋼，規(guī)格與工程應(yīng)用一致（寬 50-800mm，高 50-200mm），長度 1.5-2m。按實(shí)際安裝方式組裝，含蓋板、支架及附件，支架間距 1.5-2m，內(nèi)敷匹配電纜模擬負(fù)載。樣品需無變形、裂縫，表面防火涂層完好，避免自身質(zhì)量影響測試公正。

　　The sample preparation before testing needs to be tailored to the actual scenario. Select commonly used groove, tray, ladder and other types in Jinan, with materials including steel, aluminum alloy and fiberglass. The specifications are consistent with the engineering application (width 50-800mm, height 50-200mm), and the length is 1.5-2m. Assemble according to the actual installation method, including cover plate, bracket and accessories, with a bracket spacing of 1.5-2m, and internally lay matching cables to simulate loads. The sample should be free of deformation and cracks, and the surface fireproof coating should be intact to avoid its own quality affecting the fairness of the test.

　　耐火測試在專用燃燒裝置中進(jìn)行，核心是模擬標(biāo)準(zhǔn)升溫曲線。濟(jì)南多采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線，30 分鐘內(nèi)爐溫升 925℃并保持，溫度與時間關(guān)系符合 T-t=345lg (8t+1)。樣品水平或垂直裝于燃燒爐，兩端伸出部分密封防火焰外溢。橋架內(nèi)、表面及周圍設(shè)熱電偶，實(shí)時監(jiān)測溫度，記錄內(nèi)壁溫度（需低于 180℃以保護(hù)電纜絕緣）和結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)鍵部位溫度。

　　The fire resistance test is conducted in a dedicated combustion device, with the core being the simulation of the standard temperature rise curve. Jinan often adopts national standard curves, where the furnace temperature rises to 925 ℃ within 30 minutes and is maintained, and the temperature time relationship follows T-t=345lg (8t+1). The sample is horizontally or vertically installed in the combustion furnace, with the protruding parts at both ends sealed to prevent flame overflow. Thermocouples are installed inside, on the surface, and around the cable tray to monitor temperature in real time, with a focus on recording the temperature of the inner wall (below 180 ℃ to protect cable insulation) and the temperature of key structural parts.

　　結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性測試評估火災(zāi)中的承載能力。施加與實(shí)際相符的載荷（自重、電纜重及附加荷載），觀察是否出現(xiàn)明顯變形（撓度超跨度 1/100）、連接松動斷裂或蓋板脫落。濟(jì)南高層建筑的大跨度橋架（跨度超 6m），需測試抗坍塌能力，從加熱到失去承載能力的時間需達(dá)標(biāo)（如 30 分鐘、60 分鐘），確保電纜通路。

　　Structural stability testing evaluates the load-bearing capacity in a fire. Apply loads that match the actual situation (self weight, cable weight, and additional loads), and observe whether there is significant deformation (deflection exceeding 1/100 of the span), loose connections, fractures, or cover plate detachment. The large-span cable tray of high-rise buildings in Jinan (with a span of over 6m) needs to be tested for its anti collapse ability, and the time from heating to losing bearing capacity needs to meet the standard (such as 30 minutes, 60 minutes) to ensure the cable pathway.

　　隔熱性能測試關(guān)注阻熱能力。通過內(nèi)部熱電偶監(jiān)測溫度，規(guī)定時間內(nèi)（如 30 分鐘）內(nèi)側(cè)溫度不超 180℃，溫升速率不超 10℃/min 即為合格。敷設(shè)有耐火電纜的橋架，允許溫度適當(dāng)提高，但需保證絕緣層完好。同時觀察防火涂層表現(xiàn)，記錄起皺、脫落時間，這對濟(jì)南潮濕環(huán)境下的橋架很重要，涂層脫落會加速升溫。

　　The insulation performance test focuses on the heat resistance ability. By monitoring the temperature through internal thermocouples, if the inner temperature does not exceed 180 ℃ within a specified time (such as 30 minutes) and the temperature rise rate does not exceed 10 ℃/min, it is considered qualified. For cable trays with fire-resistant cables, it is allowed to increase the temperature appropriately, but it is necessary to ensure that the insulation layer is intact. At the same time, observe the performance of the fireproof coating and record the time of wrinkling and peeling, which is important for bridge structures in humid environments in Jinan. Coating peeling will accelerate temperature rise.

　　耐火極限是核心指標(biāo)，綜合結(jié)構(gòu)與隔熱性能判定。出現(xiàn)以下情況即達(dá)極限：結(jié)構(gòu)失去承載能力（坍塌、變形致電纜掉落）；內(nèi)側(cè)溫度超規(guī)定值；火焰穿透到非受火面。濟(jì)南不同場所要求不同，普通辦公樓需 30 分鐘，醫(yī)院、地鐵等重要場所需 60 分鐘以上，測試結(jié)果需標(biāo)注耐火等級供選型。

　　The fire resistance limit is the core indicator, which is determined based on the comprehensive structure and thermal insulation performance. When the following situations occur, the limit is reached: the structure loses its load-bearing capacity (collapse, deformation causing cables to fall off); The inner temperature exceeds the specified value; The flame penetrates to the non fire affected surface. Different places in Jinan have different requirements. Ordinary office buildings require 30 minutes, while important places such as hospitals and subways require more than 60 minutes. The test results need to indicate the fire resistance level for selection.

　　測試后評估樣品損壞狀態(tài)。冷卻后檢查變形、材料氧化及連接損壞，鋼制看是否熔化彎曲，鋁合金看強(qiáng)度是否驟降，玻璃鋼看是否碳化開裂。檢測內(nèi)部電纜絕緣電阻，耐火極限內(nèi)保持規(guī)定值（如 100MΩ）說明保護(hù)有效。測試報告記錄升溫曲線、溫度數(shù)據(jù)等，為濟(jì)南橋架生產(chǎn)改進(jìn)和工程應(yīng)用提供依據(jù)。

　　Evaluate the damage status of the sample after testing. After cooling, check for deformation, material oxidation, and connection damage. Check for melting and bending of steel, sudden drop in strength of aluminum alloy, and carbonization and cracking of fiberglass. Detecting the insulation resistance of internal cables and maintaining the specified value (such as 100M Ω) within the fire resistance limit indicates effective protection. The test report records the heating curve, temperature data, etc., providing a basis for the improvement of Jinan bridge production and engineering applications.

　　濟(jì)南電纜橋架的耐火測試，考核高溫下的表現(xiàn)，既達(dá)國標(biāo)又適應(yīng)本地需求。嚴(yán)格流程確保火災(zāi)中延緩火勢、保護(hù)電纜，為城市電力提供保障，也為產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量提升指明方向。

　　The fire resistance test of Jinan cable tray comprehensively assesses its performance under high temperatures, meeting both national standards and local needs. Strict procedures ensure the delay of fire and protection of cables in case of fire, providing guarantees for urban power safety and pointing out the direction for improving product quality.

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